In accordance with §11 PAngV (German ordinance regulating the indication of Prices), the last offer price shows the lowest price of the last 30 days after all usual direct discount deductions. Discounts such as cashback or trade-in, which are calculated or paid out after the purchase or by third parties without a contractual relationship with Hifi Foto Koch GmbH (service providers, agencies, manufacturers, etc.) or which require further action, are not included.
Use
The polarizing filter is still one of the most frequently used filters in photography. Polarizing filters only allow the light of a certain oscillation plane to pass through. All other light rays are filtered out. This filtering results in a reduction of reflections on glass and water surfaces or paints. At the same time, they increase color saturation and enhance contrast. Objects behind glass (shop windows, car windows) become visible again. In landscape photography, the polarizing filter has its maximum effect at a shooting angle of 90 degrees to the sun.
How it works
Circular (CPL) and linear polarizing filters work on the same principle. Optical gratings on the filter foil ensure that only linear light waves whose alignment matches that of the grating reach the Lens. In contrast to a linear polarizing filter, the circular polarizing filter has an additional lambda/4 plate. This plate is responsible for splitting the linear light rays previously created in the polarizing filter back into all components and placing them at an angle of 90 degrees to each other. At the same time, one component is delayed by a quarter of a wavelength. This means that all polarization directions are available again behind the filter.
The polarizing filter is the only filter whose effect cannot be achieved retrospectively using image processing software. The reflections must be suppressed at the time of shooting, this is no longer possible afterwards.
Filter In which situation
CPL - In situations where the incidence of light hardly needs to be reduced, the CPL filter is used to prevent glare in the video material.
ND4 - For weak but direct incidence of light such as sunrise and sunset
ND8- On sunny but cloudy days
ND16- On non-cloudy days with strong sunlight
ND32- On days with very bright lighting conditions and strong reflections
Use
The polarizing filter is still one of the most frequently used filters in photography. Polarizing filters only allow the light of a certain oscillation plane to pass through. All other light rays are filtered out. This filtering results in a reduction of reflections on glass and water surfaces or paints. At the same time, they increase color saturation and enhance contrast. Objects behind glass (shop windows, car windows) become visible again. In landscape photography, the polarizing filter has its maximum effect at a shooting angle of 90 degrees to the sun.
How it works
Circular (CPL) and linear polarizing filters work on the same principle. Optical gratings on the filter foil ensure that only linear light waves whose alignment matches that of the grating reach the Lens. In contrast to a linear polarizing filter, the circular polarizing filter has an additional lambda/4 plate. This plate is responsible for splitting the linear light rays previously created in the polarizing filter back into all components and placing them at an angle of 90 degrees to each other. At the same time, one component is delayed by a quarter of a wavelength. This means that all polarization directions are available again behind the filter.
The polarizing filter is the only filter whose effect cannot be achieved retrospectively using image processing software. The reflections must be suppressed at the time of shooting, this is no longer possible afterwards.
Filter In which situation
CPL - In situations where the incidence of light hardly needs to be reduced, the CPL filter is used to prevent glare in the video material.
ND4 - For weak but direct incidence of light such as sunrise and sunset
ND8- On sunny but cloudy days
ND16- On non-cloudy days with strong sunlight
ND32- On days with very bright lighting conditions and strong reflections
When creating your customer opinion and/or uploading media (e.g. images, videos, audio files, texts, documents, etc.), please observe our guidelines:
Each customer opinion is editorially checked before publication. Please ensure, among other things, that
By submitting your customer opinion and/or uploading media, you agree to these guidelines and terms of use.
These terms of use apply to the participation in and use of the customer ratings of Hifi Foto Koch GmbH. In the event of conflicts with the general terms and conditions or data protection regulations, these terms of use shall take precedence.
By submitting a customer rating and/or an upload of media (e.g. pictures, videos, audio files, texts, documents etc.) you assure that
You provide your content free of charge and are not entitled to any form of remuneration or compensation. There is no entitlement to publication.
Submitted customer opinions and uploaded media are usually reviewed and published within a few working days. All transferable rights of use of the content provided by you are transferred to Hifi Foto Koch GmbH and its current or future partners and representatives (including but not limited to affiliated companies, service providers, search engines, employees, agencies, branches, joint ventures, suppliers). The content may be used, modified and published by the aforementioned parties at their own discretion without any restrictions in terms of time, content and location. Promotional use is also permitted. The content may be edited or deleted if it violates the guidelines for ratings and community media as well as these terms of use or if it makes sense for the respective purpose. It is also possible to shorten the content at any time and without giving reasons.
Hifi Foto Koch GmbH and its current or future partners and agents do not warrant the ability to modify or delete the content you submit, should you wish to do so.
You transfer the rights and licence of your content to Hifi Foto Koch GmbH and its current or future partners and representatives. You grant Hifi Foto Koch GmbH and its current or future partners and representatives, the unrestricted right to your customer opinion (rating text, nickname, star rating, recommendation, etc.) as well as to your media (e.g. images, videos, audio files, texts, documents, etc.; incl. the indication of the author, description, etc.) to use, change, store, delete, shorten, modify, adapt, translate, copy, pass on, sell and distribute worldwide in any form, any medium, in any technology. Personal data (e-mail address, address, contact details) will not be passed on to third parties.
You assume full responsibility for your content. You agree to indemnify Hifi Foto Koch GmbH and its current or future affiliates and agents for all costs, including attorneys' fees, any damages, consequential damages of any kind, claims and demands arising from your failure to comply with the Review and Community Media Guidelines and these Terms of Use.
By submitting your customer opinion and/or uploading media, you agree to the Review and Community Media Guidelines and Terms of Use. By providing your email address, you agree that Hifi Foto Koch GmbH and its current or future partners and agents may send you status information of your customer opinion by email.
Data protection notice
When using the homepage including the submission of ratings and the upload of media, so-called personal data is processed by HiFi Foto Koch GmbH in the sense of Article 6 paragraph 1 DSGVO. Personal data is information that can be directly or indirectly assigned to you or can be assigned to you. In addition to the information entered by you, such as the name, e-mail and description, this data can also be data related to your customer account, IP addresses, access times, accessed URL, sources, browsers used, operating systems and devices, the name of your access provider as well as others. A full overview of data processing and privacy information can be found at https://www.fotokoch.li/privacy.html.